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VOL. 11, ISSUE 11 (2025)
Absence of evidentiary value for layout- and style-formatted paper documents that cannot be direct printouts from original electronic bank files
Authors
Sam Han
Abstract
In 2016, Emmy Award winning host John Oliver
reported on the debt-collection industry, in which he exposed fraud being
committed on a massive scale. That same fraud-prevalent industry has been the
subject of numerous investigations and penalties imposed by the Consumer
Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"). Because the fraudulent
behaviors of debt collectors have been exposed through lawsuits and reports
from various media outlets, debt collectors now employ more sophisticated
evidence-manufacturing techniques in pursuit of their collection efforts
against consumers. Those techniques are so convincing that consumers face
resistance from courts that routinely enter adverse judgments against the
consumers based on the manufactured evidence. One major reason that the courts
often overlook anomalies in manufactured printouts from electronic files is
because the courts are unfamiliar with file formats and how those files must
appear visually in the absence of any modification or intervention by human
hands or computer algorithms. This paper describes the native file format
required for banking documents and explains how irregularities can be
identified from paper printouts without relying on metadata from the original
electronic document.
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Pages:96-103
How to cite this article:
Sam Han "Absence of evidentiary value for layout- and style-formatted paper documents that cannot be direct printouts from original electronic bank files ". International Journal of Law, Vol 11, Issue 11, 2025, Pages 96-103
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