The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies into the Indian judiciary represents a significant transformation in the administration of justice. Digital case management, e-Courts services, virtual hearings, electronic filing, automated transcription, translation tools, and AI-assisted legal research have created opportunities to improve judicial efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. Initiatives such as the e-Courts Project and the Supreme Court's use of technology demonstrate India's continuing efforts to modernise judicial administration. However, the adoption of AI also raises important concerns regarding judicial independence, algorithmic bias, data privacy, cybersecurity, transparency, accountability, and the constitutional right to a fair hearing. This paper critically reviews the legal and institutional framework governing technological innovation in the Indian judiciary, with particular reference to Articles 14, 21 and 39A of the Constitution, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and relevant procedural and information technology legislation. It examines the opportunities and limitations of AI-assisted judicial decision-making, drawing upon Indian judicial initiatives and comparative international developments. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical methodology to identify regulatory gaps and implementation challenges. It argues that AI should function as an assistive tool rather than a substitute for judicial reasoning. The paper recommends human oversight, algorithmic transparency, data protection safeguards, independent evaluation, judicial training, and clear accountability standards to ensure that technological progress strengthens constitutional justice and public confidence in the Indian judiciary.