The digital transformation of public governance has created new opportunities for strengthening citizens’ social supervision in anti-corruption, yet the effectiveness of digital platforms depends on the adequacy of the legal and institutional framework governing citizen participation, data sharing, and information protection. This article examines whether and how digital platforms can improve social supervision and contribute to more proactive and accountable anti-corruption governance in Vietnam. It argues that digital reporting mechanisms alone cannot ensure effective oversight unless they are supported by interoperable public databases, meaningful access to open data, reliable mechanisms for verifying electronic information, and adequate safeguards for citizens who report suspected corruption. The study employs doctrinal legal analysis and a comparative approach, examining Vietnam’s legal framework and existing digital supervision mechanisms alongside the experiences of Estonia and China. The analysis identifies four major constraints in Vietnam: fragmented administrative databases, limited access to machine-readable public information, difficulties integrating citizen-generated information into asset and income verification, and risks associated with disclosing reporters’ identities. The comparative findings indicate that Estonia offers relevant lessons on open data, interoperability, and data traceability, while China provides insights into digital reporting mechanisms, electronic evidence, and data-supported supervision. However, both approaches also highlight the need to balance technological efficiency with privacy protection, institutional accountability, and human oversight. The article recommends strengthening legal safeguards for digital whistleblowers, improving lawful data interoperability, expanding open data in corruption-prone sectors, and ensuring that algorithmic risk assessments remain subject to independent human verification. It concludes that effective digital social supervision requires an integrated, rights-protective legal and institutional framework that connects citizen participation with transparent, verifiable, and accountable anti-corruption processes.