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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2026)
A critical study on authorities under disciplinary proceedings in industrial discipline
Authors
Ramki S
Abstract
Industrial discipline is essential for
maintaining order, efficiency, and harmonious relations in workplaces.
Disciplinary proceedings serve as an internal mechanism through which employers
address acts of misconduct while ensuring procedural fairness to workmen. This
article examines the authorities involved in disciplinary proceedings under industrial
discipline in India, highlighting their respective roles at domestic,
statutory, and judicial levels. It analyses the powers of the employer as the
primary disciplinary authority, the quasi-judicial function of the enquiry
officer, and the significance of internal appellate mechanisms. Further, the
study explores the supervisory role of labour authorities such as conciliation
officers, labour courts, and industrial tribunals under the Industrial Disputes
Act, 1947, with particular reference to the discretionary powers of
adjudicatory bodies to review evidence and modify punishment. The paper also
discusses the limited yet crucial role of constitutional courts in ensuring
adherence to principles of natural justice. By critically evaluating this multi-layered
framework, the article emphasizes the balance between managerial prerogative
and the protection of workers’ rights, underscoring the importance of fair
disciplinary control in sustaining industrial harmony and social justice. To
the existing framework, the effectiveness of disciplinary proceedings largely
depends on the consistent application of established procedures and the
awareness of rights and obligations among both employers and workmen. Properly
conducted disciplinary mechanisms help prevent arbitrary action, victimization,
and industrial unrest by fostering trust in institutional processes. The
evolving judicial approach in India reflects a shift from unquestioned
managerial authority to a balanced model of accountability, where fairness and
proportionality guide disciplinary decisions. Moreover, the emerging labour
codes and changing patterns of employment necessitate a re-examination of
traditional disciplinary structures to ensure they remain responsive to
contemporary workplace realities. Strengthening internal grievance redressal
systems and promoting compliance with principles of natural justice can
significantly enhance the legitimacy of disciplinary action and contribute to
sustainable industrial relations.
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Pages:393-399
How to cite this article:
Ramki S "A critical study on authorities under disciplinary proceedings in industrial discipline". International Journal of Law, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 393-399
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