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International Journal of
Law
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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Deepfakes and false digital evidence in Indian Courts
Authors
Pooja Kisan Bhosale, Dr. Mannalal R Pandiya, Dr. Vijay Sahadeo Chavan
Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has introduced a new category of digital manipulation known as deepfakes, which has significant implications for the administration of justice. Deepfakes refer to artificially generated or altered audio, video, or image content created using sophisticated machine learning technologies that can convincingly imitate real individuals and events. While digital evidence has become increasingly central to modern litigation, the rise of synthetic media poses unprecedented challenges to legal systems worldwide, including India. Courts are now frequently confronted with electronic evidence such as screenshots, voice recordings, and social media content, particularly in matrimonial disputes and criminal proceedings. These areas are especially vulnerable due to the private and emotionally charged nature of relationships, where digital communications often serve as crucial evidence.

The misuse of deepfake technology can facilitate the fabrication of false allegations, manipulation of electronic records, and distortion of factual narratives, thereby threatening the integrity of judicial processes. Indian legal frameworks governing electronic evidence, although evolving, were not designed to address the complexities of AI-generated synthetic content. Consequently, issues of authentication, admissibility, and evidentiary reliability have become increasingly prominent. This paper examines the technological foundations of deepfakes, their potential misuse in matrimonial and criminal litigation, and the existing legal provisions regulating electronic evidence in India. It further analyses judicial responses to digital evidence and identifies critical gaps in regulatory and procedural safeguards. The study concludes by proposing reforms aimed at strengthening forensic verification mechanisms, enhancing judicial awareness, and developing robust legal standards to address the growing threat posed by synthetic evidence.
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Pages:378-382
How to cite this article:
Pooja Kisan Bhosale, Dr. Mannalal R Pandiya, Dr. Vijay Sahadeo Chavan "Deepfakes and false digital evidence in Indian Courts". International Journal of Law, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 378-382
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