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International Journal of
Law
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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Artificial intelligence and judicial decision-making in India: A critical doctrinal and empirical analysis
Authors
Dr. Honey G Thakkar
Abstract

The growing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into court systems has sparked both optimism and anxiety in legal circles around the world. In India, AI technologies are increasingly being used in auxiliary court duties such as case administration, legal research, transcribing, and judgment translation as part of several e-Courts programs. While these tools promise to increase efficiency and reduce case backlogs, their prospective use in substantive court decision-making raises fundamental concerns about justice, openness, accountability, and the preservation of human judicial discretion.

This study uses a mixed-method approach to provide a critical review of AI's position in the Indian judiciary, combining theoretical legal analysis with empirical assessment. Constitutional principles, legislative frameworks, policy papers, and Indian case law are scrutinized alongside institutional reports and technology deployment methods. The study looks into how AI tools are currently employed, if they influence judicial reasoning, and what they mean for the future of adjudication. The findings show that AI in India is mostly used as an assistive mechanism rather than an independent decision-maker. It’s most noticeable contributions are in administrative efficiency, information management, and the availability of legal resources. This study indicates that, while AI has the potential to improve court administration, its application in adjudicatory domains should be addressed with caution. Strong legislative safeguards, human monitoring, algorithmic accountability, and institutional capacity building are required to guarantee that technology innovation promotes rather than threatens constitutional ideals and public trust in the justice system.
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Pages:219-222
How to cite this article:
Dr. Honey G Thakkar "Artificial intelligence and judicial decision-making in India: A critical doctrinal and empirical analysis". International Journal of Law, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 219-222
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