Modern armed conflicts have undergone significant changes both in terms of the actors involved and the technologies employed. No longer limited to wars between states, contemporary conflicts often involve non-state armed groups, militias, and transnational organizations operating outside conventional legal frameworks. At the same time, advances in military technology—such as the use of drones, cyber weapons, and autonomous weapon systems—have drastically transformed the landscape of warfare. In this context, the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law, including distinction, proportionality, and precaution, face serious challenges in their application.