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VOL. 12, ISSUE 1 (2026)
The legal framework of indonesia on the carbon market and implications for Vietnam in developing low-carbon agriculture
Authors
Hoang Ngan Ha, Bui Phuong Chinh, Hoang Vu Minh Chau
Abstract
In the context of increasingly severe global
climate change, agriculture is simultaneously one of the sectors most heavily affected
and a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, while also possessing
substantial potential for emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Adopting
the carbon market as a central legal economic instrument for the development of
low-carbon agriculture, this article focuses on a comparative analysis of the
legal frameworks governing carbon markets in Vietnam and Indonesia. Through an
examination of core regulations on emissions trading mechanisms, carbon
credits, registry and monitoring systems, and the coordinating role of the
State under Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No. 98 of 2021, the article
compares these provisions with the corresponding regulations under Vietnam’s
Law on Environmental Protection 2020 and its subordinate legal instruments. On
this basis, the study elucidates similarities in the orientation toward the
establishment of a domestic carbon market following a cautious and phased
roadmap, while also identifying differences in the degree of institutional
maturity, scope of application, and level of regulatory specificity with
respect to the agricultural sector. Building upon this comparative analysis,
the article proposes policy implications and normative recommendations of
reference value for Vietnam in further refining its legal framework on carbon
markets, particularly with a view to enabling the transformation of
agricultural emission-reduction and carbon-sequestration activities into
tangible economic benefits for producers.
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Pages:132-136
How to cite this article:
Hoang Ngan Ha, Bui Phuong Chinh, Hoang Vu Minh Chau "The legal framework of indonesia on the carbon market and implications for Vietnam in developing low-carbon agriculture". International Journal of Law, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 132-136
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