The regulation of factories through approval, licensing and registration serves as the foundation for ensuring industrial safety, occupational health, and administrative accountability under the Factories Act, 1948. This article critically examines the statutory framework governing these regulatory mechanisms with special reference to the Tamil Nadu Factories Rules, 1950. The study explores the procedural requirements for site approval, plan sanction, licensing, and registration of factories, and the respective roles of the occupier, inspectorate, and the Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health in Tamil Nadu. It analyses how Sections 6 and 7 of the Act are operationalized through State rules, forms, and administrative processes, including the transition towards online and single-window approval systems introduced to enhance transparency and ease of doing business.