Prisoners are individuals who have been deprived of their freedom and confined to a specific place, usually a correctional facility or prison. In India, prisoners are entitled to certain fundamental rights inherent in Articles 21 and 22(1) of the Constitution, such as the right to legal aid, speedy trial, protection against torture, and the right to meet friends and consult lawyers. Despite these rights, there are various issues of concern regarding prisoners in India. These issues include overcrowding, inadequate living conditions, lack of access to medical care, and abuse by authorities. These issues have been raised by human rights activists and organizations, and it is essential to address them to protect the rights of prisoners. To protect the human rights of prisoners, solutions such as improving living conditions in prisons, providing access to medical care, and establishing effective grievance redressal mechanisms can be implemented. The Indian judiciary also plays a crucial role in protecting the rights of prisoners by enforcing these fundamental rights and providing appropriate remedies for violations. Various methods can be used to enforce the human rights of prisoners, such as filing writ petitions in courts, engaging in public interest litigation, and advocating for policy reforms to improve prison conditions.The author aims to highlight the importance of protecting the fundamental rights of prisoners in India and the need to address the various issues of concern. The article aims to provide an overview of the fundamental rights of prisoners, the issues facing them in India, and potential solutions to protect their human rights and also emphasizes the role of the Indian judiciary in protecting the rights of prisoners.