The paper aims to examine the constitutional provisions and control of national resources in Nigeria with a focus on the Petroleum Act and Petroleum Industry Bill. It also examines the implications of constitutional provisions and control of national resources on national cohesion. Oil (Petroleum) remains major revenue earner for the government of Nigeria and as such can be regarded as a major national resource in Nigeria. The methodology adopted in this study was the secondary data source and historical method. It was discovered that constitutional provisions like that of the Petroleum Act has over the years vested the entire ownership and control of national resources (especially Oil) to the Federal Government of Nigeria and this has led to resource control agitation by littoral states and other southern states of Nigeria. The paper recommends that the constitutional provisions like that of the petroleum Act that vested the entire ownership and control of national resources like oil to the federal government should be reviewed and amended by the national assembly to give room for states to partner with the federal government in the control of national resources and federal government should urgently address the agitation for resource control in Nigeria through the means of national dialogue to avoid militarised conflict and the disintegration of Nigeria.